How to use
- Choose what to find: Density, Mass or Volume.
- Enter the other two values and pick their units. You can mix units, such as grams and US cups.
- Read the answer, the working, and whether it floats or sinks in water.
The buttons under the form fill in a known density, such as gold, so you can find the mass of any volume.
Density formula
ρ = m ÷ V
- Mass: m = ρ × V
- Volume: V = m ÷ ρ
The calculator converts every value to kilograms and cubic meters, solves the formula, then converts back to your units. 1 g/cm³ = 1 g/mL = 1 kg/L = 1,000 kg/m³ ≈ 62.43 lb/ft³.
Examples
- 540 g in 200 cm³: 540 ÷ 200 = 2.7 g/cm³, about the density of aluminum
- 1 L of gold at 19.32 g/cm³: 19.32 kg
- 1 kg of ice at 0.9167 g/cm³: takes up 1.09 L
- 1 US gallon of water at 20 °C: 8.33 lb
Densities of common materials
| Material | g/cm³ | kg/m³ | lb/ft³ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air (dry, sea level) | 0.001205 | 1.205 | 0.07523 |
| Polyethylene | 0.93 | 930 | 58.06 |
| Ice (0 °C) | 0.9167 | 916.7 | 57.23 |
| Water (20 °C) | 0.9982 | 998.2 | 62.32 |
| PVC | 1.406 | 1,406 | 87.77 |
| Glass (Pyrex) | 2.23 | 2,230 | 139.2 |
| Concrete (ordinary) | 2.3 | 2,300 | 143.6 |
| Aluminum | 2.699 | 2,699 | 168.5 |
| Titanium | 4.54 | 4,540 | 283.4 |
| Iron | 7.874 | 7,874 | 491.6 |
| Copper | 8.96 | 8,960 | 559.4 |
| Silver | 10.5 | 10,500 | 655.5 |
| Lead | 11.35 | 11,350 | 708.6 |
| Mercury | 13.55 | 13,550 | 845.9 |
| Gold | 19.32 | 19,320 | 1,206 |
| Platinum | 21.45 | 21,450 | 1,339 |
Values are near room temperature. Ice is from IAPWS, water from the NIST Chemistry WebBook, and the rest from NIST reference tables, where some values are nominal.
More detail: temperature, gases and alloys
- Density changes with temperature. NIST data put liquid water at its densest near 4 °C, just under 1,000 kg/m³.
- Gases are far less dense than liquids and change a lot with pressure, so the air value is only for dry air near sea level.
- Alloys such as steel and brass vary with their mix of metals, so use the maker’s datasheet.
- Specific gravity is a material’s density divided by the density of water, so it has no units.
Converting the mass or volume on its own? Use the weight converter or the volume converter.