DailyCalc

VAT Calculator

Add or remove VAT at any rate, with UK and EU presets.

What do you want to do?
%

Standard and common rates

Currency and number format

Price including VAT

£120.00

£100.00 plus 20% VAT (£20.00) is £120.00.

Price excluding VAT
£100.00
VAT (20%)
£20.00
Price including VAT
£120.00
VAT fraction of a gross price
1/6 (20 ÷ 120)

Not sure if VAT is included? If £100.00 already includes 20% VAT, it is £83.33 plus £16.67 VAT.

Fix the highlighted field to update the result.

Show the working

£100.00 × 1.2 = £120.00. VAT = £120.00 − £100.00 = £20.00.

How to use

  1. Choose Add VAT or Remove VAT.
  2. Enter the price and the VAT rate, or tap a country.
  3. See the net price, the VAT and the gross price.

Not sure whether a price includes VAT? The note under the result shows the other reading too.

VAT formula

Add VAT:     gross = net × (1 + rate ÷ 100)
Remove VAT:  net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100)
VAT inside a gross price = gross × rate ÷ (100 + rate)

At 20%, multiply by 1.2 to add VAT and divide by 1.2 to remove it. The VAT inside a gross price is one-sixth of it, which HMRC calls the VAT fraction.

Examples

  • £60 plus 20% VAT: 60 × 1.2 = £72.
  • £180 including 20% VAT: 180 ÷ 1.2 = £150, so the VAT is £30.
  • £483 including 5% VAT: 483 ÷ 1.05 = £460, so the VAT is £23.

All three are GOV.UK’s own examples. Don’t just take 20% off a gross price: 20% of £180 is £36, which is £6 too much.

VAT rates by country

Country Standard rate VAT fraction Source
United Kingdom 20% 1/6 GOV.UK
Ireland 23% 23/123 European Commission
Germany 19% 19/119 European Commission
France 20% 1/6 European Commission
Spain 21% 21/121 European Commission
Italy 22% 11/61 European Commission
UAE 5% (since 1 January 2018) 1/21 UAE government portal
Saudi Arabia 15% (since 1 July 2020) 3/23 ZATCA
  • UK reduced rates: 5% (for example home energy and children’s car seats) and 0% (most food and children’s clothes).
  • EU rates are from the European Commission’s table, last checked 13 July 2026. Reduced rates vary by product.
Rate changes in 2026
  • UK: a temporary 5% rate for children’s meals, tickets and family attractions ran from 25 June to 1 September 2026 (HMRC). The 20% standard rate did not change.
  • Germany: VAT on restaurant food fell to 7% from 1 January 2026 (German Federal Government).
  • Ireland: restaurant and catering services moved to the 9% rate from 1 July 2026 (Revenue).
How rounding works

When adding VAT, we round the VAT to the penny. When removing it, we round the net price. The other figure is the difference, so the three always add up.

Selling in India, Australia or New Zealand? Use the GST calculator. For US prices, use the sales tax calculator.

Frequently asked questions

How do I add 20% VAT?

Multiply the net price by 1.2. £60 plus VAT is £60 × 1.2 = £72.

How do I remove VAT from a price?

Divide the gross price by 1 plus the rate. At 20%, £180 ÷ 1.2 = £150, so the VAT was £30.

Why can’t I just take 20% off?

VAT was 20% of the net price, not the gross. The VAT inside a gross price is one-sixth, so taking 20% off £180 overstates the VAT by £6.

What are the UK VAT rates?

20% standard rate for most goods and services, 5% reduced rate (for example home energy) and 0% zero rate (most food and children’s clothes).

What is the VAT rate in the UAE and Saudi Arabia?

The UAE charges 5% VAT, in place since 1 January 2018. Saudi Arabia charges 15%, since 1 July 2020.

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